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A chamber for the perfusion of in vitro tissue with multiple solutions
There are currently no practical systems that allow extended regions (>5 mm2) of a tissue slice in vitro to be exposed, in isolation, to changes in ionic conditions or to pharmacological...
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Novel "Push-Pen" Design for Patch-Clamp Electrode
Northwestern researchers have developed a novel push-pen patch clamp electrode system that integrates a linear hydraulic actuator in the pipette holder. The actuator moves the metal Ag/AgCl electrode...
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How Artificial Arms Could Connect to the Nervous System
A new way to link artificial arms and hands to the nervous system could allow the brain to control prostheses as smoothly as if they were natural limbs (...) - By D. Kacy Cullen and Douglas H. Smith,...
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Fluorescent dopamine tracer resolves individual dopaminergic synapses and...
[Abstract] We recently introduced fluorescent false neurotransmitters (FFNs) as optical tracers that enable the visualization of neurotransmitter release at individual presynaptic terminals. Here, we...
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An optimized fluorescent probe for visualizing glutamate neurotransmission
We describe an intensity-based glutamate-sensing fluorescent reporter (iGluSnFR) with signal-to-noise ratio and kinetics appropriate for in vivo imaging. We engineered iGluSnFR in vitro to maximize its...
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Optopatcher—An electrode holder for simultaneous intracellular patch-clamp...
HighlightsThe optopatcher: a new holder for simultaneous patch-clamp recording and light stimulation.We used the optopatcher for in vivo cortical patch-clamp recording and optogenetic activation.The...
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A microfluidic chip for axonal isolation and electrophysiological measurements
[Abstract] A microfluidic chip for culturing neurons and spatially isolating axons from somas is presented for use with visually guided whole-cell electrophysiological measurements. A modular design...
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Two-Photon Excitation STED Microscopy in Two Colors in Acute Brain Slices
Many cellular structures and organelles are too small to be properly resolved by conventional light microscopy. This is particularly true for dendritic spines and glial processes, which are very small,...
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Big Neuroscience: Billions and Billions (Maybe) to Unravel Mysteries of the...
The era of Big Neuroscience has arrived.In late January, The Human Brain Project—an attempt to create a computer simulation of the brain at every scale from the nano nano to the macro biotic—announced...
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Whole brain cellular-level activity mapping in a second
It is now possible to map the activity of nearly all the neurons in a vertebrate brain at cellular resolution. What does this mean for neuroscience research and projects like the Brain Activity Map...
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Neurient: An algorithm for automatic tracing of confluent neuronal images to...
We present Neurient, an algorithm developed to trace dense fluorescent neurite images.Neurient allows unsupervised image processing, with optional tunable parameters.Method: find seed points, index...
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See-through brains clarify connections
Technique to make tissue transparent offers three-dimensional view of neural networks.A chemical treatment that turns whole organs transparent offers a big boost to the field of ‘connectomics’ — the...
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An optogenetic approach in epilepsy
[Review] Highlights:Optogenetic tools allow selective activation/silencing of specific neuronal populations.Inhibitory opsins have been shown to efficiently reduce epileptiform activity in brain...
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Optical control of metabotropic glutamate receptors
G protein–coupled receptors (GPCRs), the largest family of membrane signaling proteins, respond to neurotransmitters, hormones and small environmental molecules. The neuronal function of many GPCRs has...
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Ion Channels "Methods and Protocols"
Every cell in our body contains a great variety and number of permeability pathways for various organic and inorganic ions, water, metabolites, nutrients, and signaling molecules. Maintenance and...
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Power failure: why small sample size undermines the reliability of neuroscience
A study with low statistical power has a reduced chance of detecting a true effect, but it is less well appreciated that low power also reduces the likelihood that a statistically significant result...
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[Protocols] In vitro imaging of primary neural cell culture from Drosophila
Cell culture systems are widely used for molecular, genetic and biochemical studies. Primary cell cultures of animal tissues offer the advantage that specific cell types can be studied in vitro outside...
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Small-scale isolation of synaptic vesicles from mammalian brain : Nature...
Synaptic vesicles (SVs) are essential organelles that participate in the release of neurotransmitters from a neuron. Biochemical analysis of purified SVs was instrumental in the identification of...
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Towards Neuronal Organoids: A Method for Long-Term Culturing of High-Density...
One of the goals in neuroscience is to obtain tractable laboratory cultures that closely recapitulate in vivo systems while still providing ease of use in the lab. Because neurons can exist in the body...
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A strategy to capture and characterize the synaptic transcriptome
Here we describe a strategy designed to identify RNAs that are actively transported to synapses during learning. Our approach is based on the characterization of RNA transport complexes carried by...
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